Combination of adsorption process using bioadsorbent from coffee ground and ultrafiltration membrane in removing iron and lead content from water

One of the materials that can be used as an adsorbent is coffee ground because it has the ability to bind and adsorb metals. In addition, the use of bioadsorbents from coffee ground can reduce environmental pollution. Combination of adsorption with ultrafiltration membrane processes will increase metal removal efficiency. The membrane made of polyethersulfone has good characteristics so it is suitable to be combined with the adsorption process. The results obtained based on this study were the pore diameter of the bioadsorbent was 4.441 nm, and the adsorption efficiencies of Fe and Pb were 92.32% and 97.05%, respectively, at optimum condition. The removal efficiencies of Fe2+ and Pb2+ concentrations were 23.57% and 86.67%, respectively, under the best condition. This combination process gave the final concentrations and total reducing efficiencies of Fe and Pb up to 0.19 and 0.02 mg/L (94.12% and 99.61%), respectively. This indicates a concentration that can be tolerated by the environment and the human body. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.