Phytochemical, Physicochemical, and Microscopic Analysis of Five True Mangrove Leaves

This work describes the phytochemical, physicochemical, and microscopic investigation of preferred true mangrove leaves, i.e., Acrostichum aureum, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, Nypa fruticans, and Rhizophora mucronata. Phytochemical screening was carried out on mangrove leaves to the established procedure. Physicochemical characteristics of photosynthetic mangrove tissues were detected by simplicized grain consisting of moisture content, water-soluble, ethanol-soluble, ash content and essay extract performed using the WHO technique. Microscopic measurement was performed based on the WHO procedure. Simplicity powder phytochemical screening shows a discrepancy between species, only saponin, and triterpenoid/phytosterol have been found in entire species. In disparity, phytochemical determination in hexane extract did not show any alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and tannins, but only triterpenoids/phytosterols were detected in whole species. Physicochemical characteristics also show mixtures between the species and a significant result was less than 10 % water content as a drug development requirement. The microscopic investigation detected diverse kind of stomata in mangrove leaves, for example, B. gymnorhhiza and R. mucronata have an anomocytic type, A. aureum, and C. tagal contained anisocytic, only N. fruticans was distinguishable type due to monocotyledon. The existing work may afford prospective pharmacological characteristics from mangrove leaves.